从“稻香村”看商标如何分类注册/王瑜
作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-05 22:39:59 浏览:8528
来源:法律资料网
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从“稻香村”看商标如何分类注册
王瑜
商标法第十九条规定：“申请商标注册的，应当按规定的商品分类表填报使用商标的商品类别和商品名称。”商标类别总共有45个大类，每个大类又有很多的小类。商标分类表是厚厚的一本书，这样在哪个类别注册，在哪些小类别注册，在不同的类别如何注册企业并不那么好弄清楚。下面以“稻香村”为例进行讲解。
“稻香村”商标著名的有两个，一个是北京稻香村食品有限公司申请的，一个是苏州稻香村食品工业有限公司申请的。为了表述方便，我们将北京稻香村食品有限公司称为北稻香村，苏州稻香村食品工业有限公司称为南稻香村。这两个稻香村除了商号一样以外，其注册商标乍一看也长得一样，如图一、图二。与很难区分两个商标一样，消费者对两个公司的产品也不容易区分，两个稻香村都以糕点见长，在北京的市场两家“稻香村”同城打擂，必有一番纷争。本文透过看起来相似的商标，看背后的注册情况，并通过对比两个商标的注册情况，讲解商标如何分类注册。
图一 图二
一、在那些小类别上注册
在一个类别注册商标，应当尽量多注册小类，这样的话有两个考虑：
（一）经济实惠
商标注册是要交费的，商标局收费标准是：受理商标注册费1000元，10个商品/服务项目以上（不含10个），每超过一个，另加收100元。也就是一个商标在一个大类别可以同时注册十个小类，注册一个小类的费用和十个是一样的，这是法定的买一赠九。花一个的价格买到十个，当然经济合算。
（二）限制相同的注册
有的企业说，我们经营的产品只涉及到一个小类，其他小类就不要了，不算经济帐没有关系，但是另外一个帐不能不算。根据商标法的规定，在一个大类中一个商标已经注册了的小类，就可以排斥其他人用同一个或者相似的商标进行注册。但同一个商标在同一个大类别上会有不同的人注册多次注册，那就降低了该商标的区别作用，消费者就不容易混淆商标的注册人。比如在糕点类（30类）中用“稻香村”注册商标的至少有5个申请人，南稻香村和北稻香村都有注册。消费者就不容易区分哪是南稻香村，哪是北稻香村。
在第29类上南稻香村只注册了一个小类，而北稻香村注册了九个小类（如图三、图四所示），显然北稻香村的做法比南稻香村高明一些。
图三 图四
二、一个商标如何在多类别上注册
笔者不赞成同一个商标在过多类别上注册，更不主张进行全类注册，但是公司根据经营范围适当考虑在将来可能的衍生产品上进行预先注册还是有必要的。如果同一个商标在多个类别上注册多个商标，应当使用同一个设计方案。
我们来对比看两个稻香村的做法，就比较容易看明白。在国家商标局的官方网站中国商标网上可以查到有41个用“稻香村”注册的商标，其中南稻香村用“稻香村”总共注册了5个商标，涉及2个类别，北稻香村注册了24个涉及16个类别。南稻香村用“稻香村”注册了5个商标，共使用了4个设计方案，如图五—八。而北稻香村用“稻香村”注册了24个商标，却始终使用一个设计方案，如图一。
图五 图六
图七 图八
笔者提倡北稻香村的做法，同样基于两个理由：经济和便于识别。多个设计方案肯定要比一个设计方案的设计成本要高，南稻香村同一个商标用不同的设计分别在不同的类别上注册不但多付出了设计费用，也增加了消费者识别成本，造成不必要的误会。与南稻香村相比，北稻香村在十几个类别注册的几十个商标全部使用一个设计方案显然有利于消费者识别。
作者：王律师，中国知识产权研究会高级会员
电话：010-51662214，电邮：51662214@sohu.com
王瑜
商标法第十九条规定：“申请商标注册的，应当按规定的商品分类表填报使用商标的商品类别和商品名称。”商标类别总共有45个大类，每个大类又有很多的小类。商标分类表是厚厚的一本书，这样在哪个类别注册，在哪些小类别注册，在不同的类别如何注册企业并不那么好弄清楚。下面以“稻香村”为例进行讲解。
“稻香村”商标著名的有两个，一个是北京稻香村食品有限公司申请的，一个是苏州稻香村食品工业有限公司申请的。为了表述方便，我们将北京稻香村食品有限公司称为北稻香村，苏州稻香村食品工业有限公司称为南稻香村。这两个稻香村除了商号一样以外，其注册商标乍一看也长得一样，如图一、图二。与很难区分两个商标一样，消费者对两个公司的产品也不容易区分，两个稻香村都以糕点见长，在北京的市场两家“稻香村”同城打擂，必有一番纷争。本文透过看起来相似的商标，看背后的注册情况，并通过对比两个商标的注册情况，讲解商标如何分类注册。
图一 图二
一、在那些小类别上注册
在一个类别注册商标，应当尽量多注册小类，这样的话有两个考虑：
（一）经济实惠
商标注册是要交费的，商标局收费标准是：受理商标注册费1000元，10个商品/服务项目以上（不含10个），每超过一个，另加收100元。也就是一个商标在一个大类别可以同时注册十个小类，注册一个小类的费用和十个是一样的，这是法定的买一赠九。花一个的价格买到十个，当然经济合算。
（二）限制相同的注册
有的企业说，我们经营的产品只涉及到一个小类，其他小类就不要了，不算经济帐没有关系，但是另外一个帐不能不算。根据商标法的规定，在一个大类中一个商标已经注册了的小类，就可以排斥其他人用同一个或者相似的商标进行注册。但同一个商标在同一个大类别上会有不同的人注册多次注册，那就降低了该商标的区别作用，消费者就不容易混淆商标的注册人。比如在糕点类（30类）中用“稻香村”注册商标的至少有5个申请人，南稻香村和北稻香村都有注册。消费者就不容易区分哪是南稻香村，哪是北稻香村。
在第29类上南稻香村只注册了一个小类，而北稻香村注册了九个小类（如图三、图四所示），显然北稻香村的做法比南稻香村高明一些。
图三 图四
二、一个商标如何在多类别上注册
笔者不赞成同一个商标在过多类别上注册，更不主张进行全类注册，但是公司根据经营范围适当考虑在将来可能的衍生产品上进行预先注册还是有必要的。如果同一个商标在多个类别上注册多个商标，应当使用同一个设计方案。
我们来对比看两个稻香村的做法，就比较容易看明白。在国家商标局的官方网站中国商标网上可以查到有41个用“稻香村”注册的商标，其中南稻香村用“稻香村”总共注册了5个商标，涉及2个类别，北稻香村注册了24个涉及16个类别。南稻香村用“稻香村”注册了5个商标，共使用了4个设计方案，如图五—八。而北稻香村用“稻香村”注册了24个商标，却始终使用一个设计方案，如图一。
图五 图六
图七 图八
笔者提倡北稻香村的做法，同样基于两个理由：经济和便于识别。多个设计方案肯定要比一个设计方案的设计成本要高，南稻香村同一个商标用不同的设计分别在不同的类别上注册不但多付出了设计费用，也增加了消费者识别成本，造成不必要的误会。与南稻香村相比，北稻香村在十几个类别注册的几十个商标全部使用一个设计方案显然有利于消费者识别。
作者：王律师，中国知识产权研究会高级会员
电话：010-51662214，电邮：51662214@sohu.com
下载地址: 点击此处下载
浅谈民事诉讼时效的举证
黄淑芳 曲刚
关于诉讼时效举证责任分配问题，在实践中，人民法院办理该类型案件都是将诉讼时效的举证责任分配给原告，即在原告向人民法院起诉后，被告提出原告的起诉已超过法律保护期间的，则要求原告对没有超过法律保护期间的事实提供证据予以证明，否则即判决其败诉。《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》及最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干问题规定》也没有明确规定在各种不同情形下应当由哪一方当事人对诉讼时效负有举证责任。只是在最高人民法院民事诉讼风险提示书的第四条规定了原告对于超过诉讼时效的事实负有举证责任，这种一概将诉讼时效的举证责任划归原告，其公平性、合理性及正义性令人无法信服。笔者诉讼中当事人援引诉讼时效的有关规定时，要尽可能地在双方当事人之间合理地、均衡地分配举证责任。
一、诉讼时效完成的举证责任
理论上将诉讼时效的完成定义为民法意义上的抗辩权。抗辩权是指为了吞并、对抗请求权的一种民事法律意义的权利。所谓抗辩，一般是指当事人通过提出与对方所主张的事实不同的事实或法律关系以排斥对方的事实主张的行为。在诉讼中，当事人主张的实体法上的抗辩一般可分为以下三种情形：一是权利障碍抗辩，即妨碍对方所主张的法律效果发生之抗辩；此类抗辩特点在于权利或者法律关系欲发生之初或者变动之初，便与发生或者变动权利或法律关系的事实发生对抗，阻止它们发生或变动。例如行为人无行为能力的抗辩、正当防卫抗辩、紧急避险抗辩等。二是权利消灭及抗辩，即消灭对方所主张的曾经发生的权利之抗辩。该抗辩权的目的在于权利或法律关系发生之后，在权利人欲行使请求权时与之对抗。包括两种情形：一种是法律关系被变更或撤销；另一种是权利或法律关系发生后，引起其变更或消灭。例如清偿、提存、债务免除、解除条件成就等。三是权利排除抗辩，即排除或阻止对方所主张的已发生的权利之抗辩。民事实体法中的抗辩权包括同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、先诉抗辩权等。诉讼时效期间的届满，是民法（实体法）中为义务人提供的据以对抗权利人之请求的抗辩权利。按照举证责任的分配的一般原则，主张权利者应当对其主张的事实承担举证责任，否认者对被否认的事实不承担举证责任，而抗辩者则须对抗辩事实承担举证责任。这一理论渊源于罗马法中关于举证责任分配的一个重要原则，即“提出主张的人有证明的义务，否定的人没有证明的义务” 。就我国民法通则所规定的诉讼时效而言，它实际上是一种权利排除抗辩。笔者认为：凡主张权利或法律关系存在的当事人只需对产生该权利或法律关系的要件事实负证明责任，不必对不存在妨碍该权利或者法律关系发生的事实负证明责任。存在妨碍该权利或者法律关系发生的事实的举证责任，由否认权利存在的一方当事人负担。也就是说，主张者应当对其所主张的事实进行举证，否认者则应当对其抗辩所依据的事实进行举证。在诉讼中，如果被告主张时效期间完成之抗辩，其必须对此种抗辩所依据的事实予以证明，即必须证明诉讼时效期间的开始和届满，尤其是必须证明诉讼时效期间从何时开始。当双方因诉讼时效期间从何时开始以及是否届满发生争议，并且最终法院难以准确认定时，应当由提出时效抗辩的一方承担不利的法律后果。
二、诉讼时效中断的举证责任
所谓的诉讼时效中断是指在诉讼时效进行中，因发生法定事由致使已经进行的诉讼时效期间全归无效，待中断时效的事由消除后，重新开始计算诉讼时效期间。诉讼时效中断的主张，是对诉讼时效期间届满之抗辩主张的再抗辩，应当由主张诉讼时效中断的权利人就中断的事由负举证责任
在义务人（一般为被告）已经证明了诉讼时效期间的开始和届满的事实时，如果权利人（一般为原告）提出存在诉讼时效中断的事实，则该事实实际上是对义务人提出的时效已经届满的抗辩主张的再抗辩，对于这种再抗辩所依据的事实，应当由权利人负责举证。基于相类似的道理，诉讼时效的中止，亦应当由权利人负责举证。
三、诉讼时效中断事由结束的举证责任
关于诉讼时效中断事由的结束之主张，是义务人（被告）对权利人（原告）提出的诉讼时效中断之主张的再抗辩，该举证责任笔者认为应当由主张诉讼时效中断事由已结束的义务人负举证责任。关于诉讼时效中断已经结束的事实，实际上是对诉讼时效中断之再抗辩事实的再抗辩，对于该抗辩所依据的事实，理应由主张中断事由已经结束的义务人负责举证。在权利人证明了诉讼时效中断的事实后，如果义务人认为即使存在诉讼时效中断的事实，但自中断终止后重新计算的诉讼时效期间仍然是届满的，则义务人须对诉讼时效中断的结束负举证责任。
综上，关于诉讼时效的举证问题，应当在当事人之间合理地、均衡地分配举证责任。如果将该责任全部分配给原告，将不利于交易的安全，不利于鼓励义务人诚实履约行为，不利于我国社会诚信体系的建立。在当事人之间应将诉讼时效完成、诉讼时效中断、诉讼时效中断事由的结束举证责任分配给主张者 。
政务院
车船使用牌照税暂行条例(附英文)
1951年9月13日，政务院
第一条 凡在开征车船使用牌照税之地区、行驶车、船者，均依本条例之规定，向税务机关交纳车船使用牌照税。
第二条 原纳吨税（船钞）之本国船舶，一律改征车船使用牌照税，不再交纳吨税；但外国船舶及外商租用中国船舶，仍征吨税，不纳车船使用牌照税。
第三条 车船使用牌照税征收地区，由省（市）人民政府拟定，报请大行政区人民政府（军政委员会）核准开征，并转送中央人民政府财政部备案；中央直属省（市）报请中央人民政府财政部核准开征。
第四条 应纳车船使用牌照税之车、船使用人，须向所在地税务机关申请登记、纳税，领取车船使用牌照及完税证。前项车船使用牌照及完税证，由省（市）税务机关制发。
第五条 车船使用牌照税按季（一、四、七、十月）征收。当地税务机关为便利纳税人交纳，得改按半年或一年合并征收。
第六条 下列各种车、船，免纳车船使用牌照税：
一、郊区农民自用的车、船；
二、载重量不超过一吨的渔船；
三、军政机关、公私立学校及人民团体自有自用的车、船；
四、专供上下客货及存货的趸船、浮桥用船；
五、经当地交通管理机关证明报由税务机关核准停驶、拆毁的车、船；
六、消防车，洒水车、救护车、救护船、垃圾车、垃圾船及义渡船。
上列一、二、三、六各款免税之车、船，其使用人须向所在地税务机关申请登记，领取免税牌照并交纳牌照工本费。
第七条 车辆使用牌照税税额如下：
──┬───────┬────────┬────────────┬──────────
类 │ 项 目 │ 计 税 标 准 │ 每 季 税 额① │ 备注
别 │ │ │ │
──┼───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ 乘人汽车 │ 每 辆 │ 150,000元至800,000元 │
├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
机 │ 载货汽车 │ 按净吨位每吨 │ 40,000元至150,000元 │
动 ├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
车 │ 机器脚踏车 │ 二轮者每辆 │ 50,000元至150,000元 │
│ ├────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ │ 三轮者每辆 │ 80,000元至200,000元 │
──┼───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ 兽力驾驶者 │ 每 辆 │ 10,000元至80,000元 │
非 ├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
机 │ │ │ │ 包括三轮车黄包车
动 │ 人力驾驶者 │ 每 辆 │ 3,000元至60,000元 │ 及其他人力拖行车
车 │ │ │ │ 辆
├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ 脚 踏 车 │ 每 辆 │ 5,000元至10,000元 │
──┴───────┴────────┴────────────┴──────────
① 本栏税额为旧人民币
第八条 船舶使用牌照税税额如下：
──┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────
类 │ 计税标准 │ 每 季 税 额 ① │ 备 注
别 │ │ │
──┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 50吨以下 │ 每吨, 3000元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
机 │ 51吨至150吨 │ 每吨, 3500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 151吨至300吨 │ 每吨, 4000元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
动 │ 301吨至500吨 │ 每吨, 4500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 501吨至1000吨 │ 每吨, 5500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 1001吨至1500吨 │ 每吨, 6500元 │ 按净吨位计征
船 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 1501吨至2000吨 │ 每吨, 8000元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 2001吨至3000吨 │ 每吨, 9500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 3001吨以上 │ 每吨, 11000元 │ 按净吨位计征
──┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 10吨以下 │ 每吨, 1500元 │ 按载重吨位计征
非 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 11吨至50吨 │ 每吨, 2000元 │ 按载重吨位计征
机 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 51吨至150吨 │ 每吨, 2500元 │ 按载重吨位计征
动 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 151吨至300吨 │ 每吨, 3000元 │ 按载重吨位计征
船 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 301吨以上 │ 每吨, 3500元 │ 按载重吨位计征
──┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────
① 本栏税额为旧人民币。
第九条 车船使用牌照税税额，除船舶依照规定税额按吨计征外，车辆由省（市）人民政府在前条规定税额范围内，根据当地具体情况，车辆种类，载重量及使用性质拟定适用税额，报请大行政区人民政府（军政委员会）核准实施，并转送中央人民政府财政部备案；中央直属直（市）报请中央人民政府财政部核准备案。
第十条 凡已纳税领取牌照之车、船，在牌照有效期间内行驶另一地区，不得重征或补征差额。
第十一条 未开征车船使用牌照税地区之车、船，经常往来开征地区时，须向开征城市之税务机关交纳车船使用牌照税；非经常来往之车、船，经当地区、乡（村）以上人民政府证明者免征。
第十二条 车船使用牌照不得转卖、赠送、借用或逾期使用。如车、船所有权转移时，在有效期间内，准继续使用，不另纳税，亦不退税。
第十三条 车船使用牌照如有毁损或遗失时，应报请原发机关补发牌照，在有效期间内，不另纳税。
第十四条 车船使用牌照应按规定装置于车、船的明显易见之处，以便检查。
第十五条 违章行为之处罚，规定如下：
一、不按规定手续办理申报、登记、纳税、领照者，除限期纳税、领照外，并处以应纳税额三倍以下之罚金；
二、违反本条例第十二、十三、十四各条规定之一者，分别处以人民币十万元（按：系旧币）以下之罚金；
三、不按规定期限交纳税款者，除限日追缴外，按日处以应纳税额1％的滞纳金。
第十六条 车船使用牌照税稽征办法，由省（市）税务机关拟定，报请省（市）人民政府核准实施，并呈报中央人民政府财政部税务总局备案。
第十七条 本条例公布后，各地有关使用牌照税之单行办法，一律废止。
第十八条 本条例自公布之日施行。(附英文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE VEHICLE AND VESSEL USAGELICENSE PLATE TAX
(Promulgated by the Central People's Government AdministrationCouncil on September 13, 1951)
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE VEHICLE AND VESSEL USAGE
LICENSE PLATE TAX
(Promulgated by the Central People's Government Administration
Council on September 13, 1951)
Article 1
All operators of vehicles and vessels within districts where vehicle and
vessel usage license plate tax is imposed shall, in accordance with the
provisions of these Regulations, pay vehicle and vessel usage license
plate tax to the respective tax authorities.
Article 2
Domestic vessels previously subject to the payment of the tonnage tax
(vessel dues), shall no longer be subject to the payment of the tonnage
tax, and shall, without exception, be subject to payment of the vehicle
and vessel usage license plate tax. Foreign vessels and the Chinese
vessels leased by foreign businesses shall, however, continue to be
subject to tonnage tax and not vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax.
Article 3
The provincial (municipal) people's governments shall, subject to the
verification and approval of the people's governments (military and
administrative commissions) of the greater administrative regions,
designate those districts in which the vehicle and vessel usage license
plate tax is to be imposed and shall report the districts designated to
the Ministry of Finance of the Central People's Government for the record;
provinces (municipalities) directly under the Central Government shall,
prior to the imposition of the tax, report the districts designated to the
Ministry of Finance of the Central People's Government for verification
and approval.
Article 4
Operators of vehicles and vessels subject to payment of the vehicle and
vessel usage license plate tax shall apply to the local tax authorities
for registration, paying the tax, and obtaining license plates and the tax
payment certificates. The aforesaid vehicle and vessel license plates and
tax payment certificates shall be made and issued by the provincial
(municipal) tax authorities.
Article 5
Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax shall be collected on a
quarterly basis (in January, April, July and October). Alternatively, for
the convenience of the tax payers to make the tax payments, the local tax
authorities may collect an aggregate amount of tax on a biannual or annual
basis.
Article 6
The following categories of vehicles and vessels shall be exempt from the
payment of the vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax:
(1) vehicles and vessels operated by suburban farmers for their own use;
(2) fishing vessels with a deadweight capacity not in excess of one ton;
(3) vehicles and vessels owned and operated by military and government
units, public and private schools and social organizations for their own
use;
(4) pontoons and floating docks used exclusively for passengers, the
loading and unloading of cargo and the storage of goods;
(5) vehicles and vessels certified by the respective local transport
administration offices and verified and approved by the tax authorities
that they are no longer in use or have been dismantled; and
(6) fire trucks, water sprinkler vessels, ambulance vehicles and ambulance
vessels, waste removal vehicles and waste removal vessels and ferries.
In order to obtain a tax-exempt license plate, operators of vehicles and
vessels that are exempt from tax and listed above in Items (1), (2) and
(6) shall apply to the local tax authorities for registration and
obtaining the tax-exempt license plate and paying a fee covering the
manufacturing cost of the license plate.
Article 7
The amount of vehicles usage license plate tax shall be as follows:
|========|=============|=============|===================|===============|
|Type | Category | Unit for | Quarterly | Remar |
| | | Calculating| Tax Payment [*1]| |
| | | Tax | | |
|========|=============|=============|===================|===============|
| | Passenger | Per vehicle| 150,000 yuan | |
| | vehicles | | to 800,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
|Motor | Trucks | Per ton, by| 40,000 yuan | |
|vehicles| | net tonnage| to 150,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Motor-cycles| Per motor- | 50,000 yuan | |
| | | cycle | to 150,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | | Per motor- | 80,000 yuan | |
| | | tricycles | to 200,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Animal-drawn| Per vehicle| 10,000 yuan | |
| | | | to 80,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
|Non- | Manually | Per vehicle| 3,000 yuan to |Including |
| | | | |pedicabs, |
|motor | driven | | 60,000 yuan |rickshaws and |
|vehicles| | | |other manually |
| | | | |drawn vehicles |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Bicycles | Per bicycle| 5,000 yuan to | |
| | | | 10,000 yuan | |
|========================================================================|
Article 8
The amount of vessel usage license plate tax shall be as follows:
|========|======================|====================|======================|
|Type | Unit for calculating | Quarterly tax | Remarks |
| | tax | payment [*1] | |
|========|======================|====================|======================|
| | Under 50 tons | 3,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 51 - 150 tons | 3,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 151 - 300 tons | 4,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 301 - 500 tons | 4,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
|Motor | 501 - 1000 tons | 5,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
|vessels | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 1001 - 1500 tons | 6,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 1501 - 2000 tons | 8,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 2001 - 3000 tons | 9,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 3001 tons and | 11,000 yuan per ton| Calculated on the |
| | upwards | | basis of net tonnage |
|==========================================================================-|
| | Under 10 tons | 1,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 11 - 50 tons | 2,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Non | 51 - 150 tons | 2,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| motor | | | basis of tonnage of |
| vessels| | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 151 - 300 tons | 3,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 301 tons and | 3,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | upwards | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
|========|======================|====================|======================|
Article 9
Except where vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax is imposed on
vessels on the basis of tonnage according to the provisions, the
provincial (municipal) people's government shall, within the range of the
tax amount prescribed in the preceding Article, determine according to
existing local conditions the amounts of tax applicable to vehicles of
different categories, deadweight capacities, and the nature of uses, and
shall report such determinations to the people's governments (military and
administrative commissions) of the greater administrative regions for
examination, approval and implementation and to the Ministry of Finance of
the Central People's Government for the record; provinces (municipalities)
directly under the Central Government shall report their determinations to
the Ministry of Finance for examination and approval and for the record.
Article 10
Vehicles and vessels for which the tax due has been paid and for which
license plates have been obtained, when transferred to and operated in
another taxing district, shall not be further subject to tax or subject to
additional tax due to differences in taxation between the former district
and the latter district for the duration of the validity of the licenses.
Article 11
In respect of vehicles and vessels which are registered in districts where
no vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax is imposed, but which are
frequently operated in districts where vehicle and vessel usage license
plate tax is imposed, the vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax must
be paid to the city tax authorities therein; as to those vehicles and
vessels which are not frequently operated in districts where the vehicle
and vessel usage license plate tax is imposed shall be exempt from tax
upon obtaining a certificate of tax exemption from the respective people's
government at or above the local township (or village) level.
Article 12
Vehicle and vessel license plates may not be sold, given as gifts, loaned
or used beyond their expiry date. Where the ownership of vehicles and
vessels is transferred, the license plates may be used until the
termination of the period of validity of the license plates; no additional
tax shall be paid and no tax shall be refunded during such a period.
Article 13
In cases of damage to or loss of the license plates of vehicles or
vessels, a report shall be filed with the office that originally issued
the license plates for replacement license plates; no additional tax shall
be paid during the period of validity of the original license plates.
Article 14
Vehicle and vessel license plates shall, according to the provisions, be
fitted to a conspicuous place on vehicles or vessels to facilitate
identification.
Article 15
The penalties for violation of the provisions of these Regulations are
stipulated as follows:
(1) persons who fail to comply with the provisions concerning reporting,
registration, the payment of tax and the obtaining of license plates
shall, in addition to the payment of tax within a time limit, be subject
to a fine of three times or less the amount of tax due.
(2) persons who violate any one of the provisions of Articles 12, 13 or 14
of these Regulations shall be subject to a fine not exceeding 100,000 yuan
Renminbi (i.e. the Old Renminbi - the editor.)
(3) Persons who fail to pay tax within the prescribed period shall, in
addition to the payment of tax within a time limit, be subject to a late
payment fine of 1% of the amount of tax due for each day payment is
delayed.
Article 16
Measures for the investigation and collection of the vehicle and vessel
usage license plate tax shall be formulated by the provincial (municipal)
tax authorities, and submitted for verification, approval and
implementation to the provincial (municipal) people's government and to
the General Taxation Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of the Central
People's Government for the record.
Article 17
On the promulgation of these Regulations, all separate rules and measures
governing the license plate tax in the various localities shall be
annulled.
Article 18
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
Notes:
[*1] [*2] The amount of tax payment, as listed in this table, is
calculated in the Old Renminbi.
- The Editor.
黄淑芳 曲刚
关于诉讼时效举证责任分配问题，在实践中，人民法院办理该类型案件都是将诉讼时效的举证责任分配给原告，即在原告向人民法院起诉后，被告提出原告的起诉已超过法律保护期间的，则要求原告对没有超过法律保护期间的事实提供证据予以证明，否则即判决其败诉。《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》及最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干问题规定》也没有明确规定在各种不同情形下应当由哪一方当事人对诉讼时效负有举证责任。只是在最高人民法院民事诉讼风险提示书的第四条规定了原告对于超过诉讼时效的事实负有举证责任，这种一概将诉讼时效的举证责任划归原告，其公平性、合理性及正义性令人无法信服。笔者诉讼中当事人援引诉讼时效的有关规定时，要尽可能地在双方当事人之间合理地、均衡地分配举证责任。
一、诉讼时效完成的举证责任
理论上将诉讼时效的完成定义为民法意义上的抗辩权。抗辩权是指为了吞并、对抗请求权的一种民事法律意义的权利。所谓抗辩，一般是指当事人通过提出与对方所主张的事实不同的事实或法律关系以排斥对方的事实主张的行为。在诉讼中，当事人主张的实体法上的抗辩一般可分为以下三种情形：一是权利障碍抗辩，即妨碍对方所主张的法律效果发生之抗辩；此类抗辩特点在于权利或者法律关系欲发生之初或者变动之初，便与发生或者变动权利或法律关系的事实发生对抗，阻止它们发生或变动。例如行为人无行为能力的抗辩、正当防卫抗辩、紧急避险抗辩等。二是权利消灭及抗辩，即消灭对方所主张的曾经发生的权利之抗辩。该抗辩权的目的在于权利或法律关系发生之后，在权利人欲行使请求权时与之对抗。包括两种情形：一种是法律关系被变更或撤销；另一种是权利或法律关系发生后，引起其变更或消灭。例如清偿、提存、债务免除、解除条件成就等。三是权利排除抗辩，即排除或阻止对方所主张的已发生的权利之抗辩。民事实体法中的抗辩权包括同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、先诉抗辩权等。诉讼时效期间的届满，是民法（实体法）中为义务人提供的据以对抗权利人之请求的抗辩权利。按照举证责任的分配的一般原则，主张权利者应当对其主张的事实承担举证责任，否认者对被否认的事实不承担举证责任，而抗辩者则须对抗辩事实承担举证责任。这一理论渊源于罗马法中关于举证责任分配的一个重要原则，即“提出主张的人有证明的义务，否定的人没有证明的义务” 。就我国民法通则所规定的诉讼时效而言，它实际上是一种权利排除抗辩。笔者认为：凡主张权利或法律关系存在的当事人只需对产生该权利或法律关系的要件事实负证明责任，不必对不存在妨碍该权利或者法律关系发生的事实负证明责任。存在妨碍该权利或者法律关系发生的事实的举证责任，由否认权利存在的一方当事人负担。也就是说，主张者应当对其所主张的事实进行举证，否认者则应当对其抗辩所依据的事实进行举证。在诉讼中，如果被告主张时效期间完成之抗辩，其必须对此种抗辩所依据的事实予以证明，即必须证明诉讼时效期间的开始和届满，尤其是必须证明诉讼时效期间从何时开始。当双方因诉讼时效期间从何时开始以及是否届满发生争议，并且最终法院难以准确认定时，应当由提出时效抗辩的一方承担不利的法律后果。
二、诉讼时效中断的举证责任
所谓的诉讼时效中断是指在诉讼时效进行中，因发生法定事由致使已经进行的诉讼时效期间全归无效，待中断时效的事由消除后，重新开始计算诉讼时效期间。诉讼时效中断的主张，是对诉讼时效期间届满之抗辩主张的再抗辩，应当由主张诉讼时效中断的权利人就中断的事由负举证责任
在义务人（一般为被告）已经证明了诉讼时效期间的开始和届满的事实时，如果权利人（一般为原告）提出存在诉讼时效中断的事实，则该事实实际上是对义务人提出的时效已经届满的抗辩主张的再抗辩，对于这种再抗辩所依据的事实，应当由权利人负责举证。基于相类似的道理，诉讼时效的中止，亦应当由权利人负责举证。
三、诉讼时效中断事由结束的举证责任
关于诉讼时效中断事由的结束之主张，是义务人（被告）对权利人（原告）提出的诉讼时效中断之主张的再抗辩，该举证责任笔者认为应当由主张诉讼时效中断事由已结束的义务人负举证责任。关于诉讼时效中断已经结束的事实，实际上是对诉讼时效中断之再抗辩事实的再抗辩，对于该抗辩所依据的事实，理应由主张中断事由已经结束的义务人负责举证。在权利人证明了诉讼时效中断的事实后，如果义务人认为即使存在诉讼时效中断的事实，但自中断终止后重新计算的诉讼时效期间仍然是届满的，则义务人须对诉讼时效中断的结束负举证责任。
综上，关于诉讼时效的举证问题，应当在当事人之间合理地、均衡地分配举证责任。如果将该责任全部分配给原告，将不利于交易的安全，不利于鼓励义务人诚实履约行为，不利于我国社会诚信体系的建立。在当事人之间应将诉讼时效完成、诉讼时效中断、诉讼时效中断事由的结束举证责任分配给主张者 。
车船使用牌照税暂行条例(附英文)(已废止)
车船使用牌照税暂行条例(附英文)
1951年9月13日，政务院
第一条 凡在开征车船使用牌照税之地区、行驶车、船者，均依本条例之规定，向税务机关交纳车船使用牌照税。
第二条 原纳吨税（船钞）之本国船舶，一律改征车船使用牌照税，不再交纳吨税；但外国船舶及外商租用中国船舶，仍征吨税，不纳车船使用牌照税。
第三条 车船使用牌照税征收地区，由省（市）人民政府拟定，报请大行政区人民政府（军政委员会）核准开征，并转送中央人民政府财政部备案；中央直属省（市）报请中央人民政府财政部核准开征。
第四条 应纳车船使用牌照税之车、船使用人，须向所在地税务机关申请登记、纳税，领取车船使用牌照及完税证。前项车船使用牌照及完税证，由省（市）税务机关制发。
第五条 车船使用牌照税按季（一、四、七、十月）征收。当地税务机关为便利纳税人交纳，得改按半年或一年合并征收。
第六条 下列各种车、船，免纳车船使用牌照税：
一、郊区农民自用的车、船；
二、载重量不超过一吨的渔船；
三、军政机关、公私立学校及人民团体自有自用的车、船；
四、专供上下客货及存货的趸船、浮桥用船；
五、经当地交通管理机关证明报由税务机关核准停驶、拆毁的车、船；
六、消防车，洒水车、救护车、救护船、垃圾车、垃圾船及义渡船。
上列一、二、三、六各款免税之车、船，其使用人须向所在地税务机关申请登记，领取免税牌照并交纳牌照工本费。
第七条 车辆使用牌照税税额如下：
──┬───────┬────────┬────────────┬──────────
类 │ 项 目 │ 计 税 标 准 │ 每 季 税 额① │ 备注
别 │ │ │ │
──┼───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ 乘人汽车 │ 每 辆 │ 150,000元至800,000元 │
├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
机 │ 载货汽车 │ 按净吨位每吨 │ 40,000元至150,000元 │
动 ├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
车 │ 机器脚踏车 │ 二轮者每辆 │ 50,000元至150,000元 │
│ ├────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ │ 三轮者每辆 │ 80,000元至200,000元 │
──┼───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ 兽力驾驶者 │ 每 辆 │ 10,000元至80,000元 │
非 ├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
机 │ │ │ │ 包括三轮车黄包车
动 │ 人力驾驶者 │ 每 辆 │ 3,000元至60,000元 │ 及其他人力拖行车
车 │ │ │ │ 辆
├───────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────
│ 脚 踏 车 │ 每 辆 │ 5,000元至10,000元 │
──┴───────┴────────┴────────────┴──────────
① 本栏税额为旧人民币
第八条 船舶使用牌照税税额如下：
──┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────
类 │ 计税标准 │ 每 季 税 额 ① │ 备 注
别 │ │ │
──┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 50吨以下 │ 每吨, 3000元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
机 │ 51吨至150吨 │ 每吨, 3500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 151吨至300吨 │ 每吨, 4000元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
动 │ 301吨至500吨 │ 每吨, 4500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 501吨至1000吨 │ 每吨, 5500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 1001吨至1500吨 │ 每吨, 6500元 │ 按净吨位计征
船 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 1501吨至2000吨 │ 每吨, 8000元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 2001吨至3000吨 │ 每吨, 9500元 │ 按净吨位计征
├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 3001吨以上 │ 每吨, 11000元 │ 按净吨位计征
──┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 10吨以下 │ 每吨, 1500元 │ 按载重吨位计征
非 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 11吨至50吨 │ 每吨, 2000元 │ 按载重吨位计征
机 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 51吨至150吨 │ 每吨, 2500元 │ 按载重吨位计征
动 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 151吨至300吨 │ 每吨, 3000元 │ 按载重吨位计征
船 ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────
│ 301吨以上 │ 每吨, 3500元 │ 按载重吨位计征
──┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────
① 本栏税额为旧人民币。
第九条 车船使用牌照税税额，除船舶依照规定税额按吨计征外，车辆由省（市）人民政府在前条规定税额范围内，根据当地具体情况，车辆种类，载重量及使用性质拟定适用税额，报请大行政区人民政府（军政委员会）核准实施，并转送中央人民政府财政部备案；中央直属直（市）报请中央人民政府财政部核准备案。
第十条 凡已纳税领取牌照之车、船，在牌照有效期间内行驶另一地区，不得重征或补征差额。
第十一条 未开征车船使用牌照税地区之车、船，经常往来开征地区时，须向开征城市之税务机关交纳车船使用牌照税；非经常来往之车、船，经当地区、乡（村）以上人民政府证明者免征。
第十二条 车船使用牌照不得转卖、赠送、借用或逾期使用。如车、船所有权转移时，在有效期间内，准继续使用，不另纳税，亦不退税。
第十三条 车船使用牌照如有毁损或遗失时，应报请原发机关补发牌照，在有效期间内，不另纳税。
第十四条 车船使用牌照应按规定装置于车、船的明显易见之处，以便检查。
第十五条 违章行为之处罚，规定如下：
一、不按规定手续办理申报、登记、纳税、领照者，除限期纳税、领照外，并处以应纳税额三倍以下之罚金；
二、违反本条例第十二、十三、十四各条规定之一者，分别处以人民币十万元（按：系旧币）以下之罚金；
三、不按规定期限交纳税款者，除限日追缴外，按日处以应纳税额1％的滞纳金。
第十六条 车船使用牌照税稽征办法，由省（市）税务机关拟定，报请省（市）人民政府核准实施，并呈报中央人民政府财政部税务总局备案。
第十七条 本条例公布后，各地有关使用牌照税之单行办法，一律废止。
第十八条 本条例自公布之日施行。(附英文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE VEHICLE AND VESSEL USAGELICENSE PLATE TAX
(Promulgated by the Central People's Government AdministrationCouncil on September 13, 1951)
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE VEHICLE AND VESSEL USAGE
LICENSE PLATE TAX
(Promulgated by the Central People's Government Administration
Council on September 13, 1951)
Article 1
All operators of vehicles and vessels within districts where vehicle and
vessel usage license plate tax is imposed shall, in accordance with the
provisions of these Regulations, pay vehicle and vessel usage license
plate tax to the respective tax authorities.
Article 2
Domestic vessels previously subject to the payment of the tonnage tax
(vessel dues), shall no longer be subject to the payment of the tonnage
tax, and shall, without exception, be subject to payment of the vehicle
and vessel usage license plate tax. Foreign vessels and the Chinese
vessels leased by foreign businesses shall, however, continue to be
subject to tonnage tax and not vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax.
Article 3
The provincial (municipal) people's governments shall, subject to the
verification and approval of the people's governments (military and
administrative commissions) of the greater administrative regions,
designate those districts in which the vehicle and vessel usage license
plate tax is to be imposed and shall report the districts designated to
the Ministry of Finance of the Central People's Government for the record;
provinces (municipalities) directly under the Central Government shall,
prior to the imposition of the tax, report the districts designated to the
Ministry of Finance of the Central People's Government for verification
and approval.
Article 4
Operators of vehicles and vessels subject to payment of the vehicle and
vessel usage license plate tax shall apply to the local tax authorities
for registration, paying the tax, and obtaining license plates and the tax
payment certificates. The aforesaid vehicle and vessel license plates and
tax payment certificates shall be made and issued by the provincial
(municipal) tax authorities.
Article 5
Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax shall be collected on a
quarterly basis (in January, April, July and October). Alternatively, for
the convenience of the tax payers to make the tax payments, the local tax
authorities may collect an aggregate amount of tax on a biannual or annual
basis.
Article 6
The following categories of vehicles and vessels shall be exempt from the
payment of the vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax:
(1) vehicles and vessels operated by suburban farmers for their own use;
(2) fishing vessels with a deadweight capacity not in excess of one ton;
(3) vehicles and vessels owned and operated by military and government
units, public and private schools and social organizations for their own
use;
(4) pontoons and floating docks used exclusively for passengers, the
loading and unloading of cargo and the storage of goods;
(5) vehicles and vessels certified by the respective local transport
administration offices and verified and approved by the tax authorities
that they are no longer in use or have been dismantled; and
(6) fire trucks, water sprinkler vessels, ambulance vehicles and ambulance
vessels, waste removal vehicles and waste removal vessels and ferries.
In order to obtain a tax-exempt license plate, operators of vehicles and
vessels that are exempt from tax and listed above in Items (1), (2) and
(6) shall apply to the local tax authorities for registration and
obtaining the tax-exempt license plate and paying a fee covering the
manufacturing cost of the license plate.
Article 7
The amount of vehicles usage license plate tax shall be as follows:
|========|=============|=============|===================|===============|
|Type | Category | Unit for | Quarterly | Remar |
| | | Calculating| Tax Payment [*1]| |
| | | Tax | | |
|========|=============|=============|===================|===============|
| | Passenger | Per vehicle| 150,000 yuan | |
| | vehicles | | to 800,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
|Motor | Trucks | Per ton, by| 40,000 yuan | |
|vehicles| | net tonnage| to 150,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Motor-cycles| Per motor- | 50,000 yuan | |
| | | cycle | to 150,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | | Per motor- | 80,000 yuan | |
| | | tricycles | to 200,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Animal-drawn| Per vehicle| 10,000 yuan | |
| | | | to 80,000 | |
| | | | yuan | |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
|Non- | Manually | Per vehicle| 3,000 yuan to |Including |
| | | | |pedicabs, |
|motor | driven | | 60,000 yuan |rickshaws and |
|vehicles| | | |other manually |
| | | | |drawn vehicles |
| |---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Bicycles | Per bicycle| 5,000 yuan to | |
| | | | 10,000 yuan | |
|========================================================================|
Article 8
The amount of vessel usage license plate tax shall be as follows:
|========|======================|====================|======================|
|Type | Unit for calculating | Quarterly tax | Remarks |
| | tax | payment [*1] | |
|========|======================|====================|======================|
| | Under 50 tons | 3,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 51 - 150 tons | 3,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 151 - 300 tons | 4,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 301 - 500 tons | 4,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
|Motor | 501 - 1000 tons | 5,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
|vessels | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 1001 - 1500 tons | 6,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 1501 - 2000 tons | 8,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 2001 - 3000 tons | 9,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of net tonnage |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 3001 tons and | 11,000 yuan per ton| Calculated on the |
| | upwards | | basis of net tonnage |
|==========================================================================-|
| | Under 10 tons | 1,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 11 - 50 tons | 2,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Non | 51 - 150 tons | 2,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| motor | | | basis of tonnage of |
| vessels| | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 151 - 300 tons | 3,000 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
| |----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| | 301 tons and | 3,500 yuan per ton | Calculated on the |
| | upwards | | basis of tonnage of |
| | | | loading capacity |
|========|======================|====================|======================|
Article 9
Except where vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax is imposed on
vessels on the basis of tonnage according to the provisions, the
provincial (municipal) people's government shall, within the range of the
tax amount prescribed in the preceding Article, determine according to
existing local conditions the amounts of tax applicable to vehicles of
different categories, deadweight capacities, and the nature of uses, and
shall report such determinations to the people's governments (military and
administrative commissions) of the greater administrative regions for
examination, approval and implementation and to the Ministry of Finance of
the Central People's Government for the record; provinces (municipalities)
directly under the Central Government shall report their determinations to
the Ministry of Finance for examination and approval and for the record.
Article 10
Vehicles and vessels for which the tax due has been paid and for which
license plates have been obtained, when transferred to and operated in
another taxing district, shall not be further subject to tax or subject to
additional tax due to differences in taxation between the former district
and the latter district for the duration of the validity of the licenses.
Article 11
In respect of vehicles and vessels which are registered in districts where
no vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax is imposed, but which are
frequently operated in districts where vehicle and vessel usage license
plate tax is imposed, the vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax must
be paid to the city tax authorities therein; as to those vehicles and
vessels which are not frequently operated in districts where the vehicle
and vessel usage license plate tax is imposed shall be exempt from tax
upon obtaining a certificate of tax exemption from the respective people's
government at or above the local township (or village) level.
Article 12
Vehicle and vessel license plates may not be sold, given as gifts, loaned
or used beyond their expiry date. Where the ownership of vehicles and
vessels is transferred, the license plates may be used until the
termination of the period of validity of the license plates; no additional
tax shall be paid and no tax shall be refunded during such a period.
Article 13
In cases of damage to or loss of the license plates of vehicles or
vessels, a report shall be filed with the office that originally issued
the license plates for replacement license plates; no additional tax shall
be paid during the period of validity of the original license plates.
Article 14
Vehicle and vessel license plates shall, according to the provisions, be
fitted to a conspicuous place on vehicles or vessels to facilitate
identification.
Article 15
The penalties for violation of the provisions of these Regulations are
stipulated as follows:
(1) persons who fail to comply with the provisions concerning reporting,
registration, the payment of tax and the obtaining of license plates
shall, in addition to the payment of tax within a time limit, be subject
to a fine of three times or less the amount of tax due.
(2) persons who violate any one of the provisions of Articles 12, 13 or 14
of these Regulations shall be subject to a fine not exceeding 100,000 yuan
Renminbi (i.e. the Old Renminbi - the editor.)
(3) Persons who fail to pay tax within the prescribed period shall, in
addition to the payment of tax within a time limit, be subject to a late
payment fine of 1% of the amount of tax due for each day payment is
delayed.
Article 16
Measures for the investigation and collection of the vehicle and vessel
usage license plate tax shall be formulated by the provincial (municipal)
tax authorities, and submitted for verification, approval and
implementation to the provincial (municipal) people's government and to
the General Taxation Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of the Central
People's Government for the record.
Article 17
On the promulgation of these Regulations, all separate rules and measures
governing the license plate tax in the various localities shall be
annulled.
Article 18
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
Notes:
[*1] [*2] The amount of tax payment, as listed in this table, is
calculated in the Old Renminbi.
- The Editor.
